原始

1. original; firsthand

♦ ~记录 original record

♦ ~资料 firsthand information (or data); source material

2. primeval; primitive

♦ ~人 primitive man

♦ ~森林 primeval forest; virgin forest

♦ ~细胞 primordial cell

~公社 primitive commune~股 [金]initial public offering; IPO~积累 primitive accumulation~群 primitive horde~社会 primitive society